"The new study found that 99.4 percent of the most critical DNA sites are identical in the corresponding human and chimp genes." (Source)
"Human and fish genes are 90% identical!" (Source)
"75% of mouse genes have equivalents in humans (Source), 90% of the mouse genome could be lined up with a region on the human genome. (Source)
"We have obtained estimates of genetic differentiation between humans and the great apes no greater than, say, those observed between morphologically indistinguishable (sibling) species of Drosophila flies (fruit flies)."
-- Elizabeth J. Bruce and Francisco J. Ayala (Dept. of Genetics, Univ. of Calif.), "Humans and Apes Are Genetically Very Similar,," Nature, Nov. 16, 1978, Vol 276, p. 265.
And the "outstanding percentage of similarity" with T. Rex to chicken was merely...58% ?
Data used to determine that genetically... the genetically closest known relative on earth, is a chicken at a meager 58% similarity... that hardly constitutes an "ancestor" of birds.
Humans and fish share a 90% genetic similarity, and that's following 400 million of years of divergence between humans from fish.
From protein to DNA
So a dinosaur has a collagen protein that is very similar to a chicken's. What does this actually mean? Which proteins are made when and where is decided by our genes. Genes really are just recipes for proteins. The recipe is just instructions for putting together a string of amino acids in a certain order. What the researchers got out of their experiments were strings of amino acids. For example, they got the following from the T. rex:
GVQGPPGPQGPR
Each letter is a different amino acid. For example, G is glycine and P is proline.
They then looked at other creatures to see what string of amino acids they have. The chicken, for example, has: GVQGPPGPQGPR
As you can see, this is an exact match. The newt on the other hand, had:
GAAGPPGATGFP
This is pretty different for this piece of the protein. When they did this with many pieces of the protein, they came up with a number of 58% sequence identity (the same amino acids in the same order) for the chicken. And 51% for the frog and newt.
(Source)
T. Rex is 58% genetically similar to a chicken?
Chickens are about 60-75% genetically similar to humans.
Therefore, chickens share a closer relation to humans, than t. rex.
"About 60 percent of chicken genes correspond to a similar human gene. However, researchers uncovered more small sequence differences between corresponding pairs of chicken and human genes, which are 75 percent identical on average, than between rodent and human gene pairs, which are 88 percent identical on average. Differences between human and chicken genes were not uniform across the board, however. Chicken genes involved in the cell's basic structure and function showed more sequence similarity with human genes than did those implicated in reproduction, immune response and adaptation to the environment."
(Source)
If "58%" genetic similarity to T. Rex is all they got for deciding where chickens "evolved from" -- then the human genome is even greater similarity with chickens at a whopping 60%-75% similarity... we could say chickens evolved from humans!!! Yay!!! That's how the dino-bird folks do it.
DNA has a 521 Year Life Span
(Source)
No comments:
Post a Comment